Synchronizing system



Nov. 28, 1950 w. R. KOCH sYNcHRoNIzING SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet l -Filed May 5l, 1946 .bbs

NVENTOR u ATTORNEY Nov. 28, 1950 w. R. KOCH SYNCHRONIZING SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 5l, 1946 .x v m. w l yvww uw nu n ma ,51 s. MW l mmwl n@ if' fw Wch ATTORNEY atentecl Nov. 28, 1950 UNITED STATES SYNCHRONIZING SYSTEM Winfield R. Koch, Haddonfeld, N. J., assigner to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application May 31, 1946, Serial No. 673,293

1 Claim.

'I'he present invention relates to facsimile signalling systems, and more particularly, but not necessarily exclusively, to a signal receiving and recording system for minimizing the effects of selective fading on the sync signal which is part of a facsimile signal transmitted by radio as a modulation of a radio carrier frequency.

This invention is directed primarily to providing means for assuring that the sync signal for controlling the operation of a facsimile recorder is present at all times irrespective of selective fading conditions- Selective fading appears to follow a definite characteristic. Portions of the transmitted signal spectrum 2500 cycles apart are almost completely attenuated under typical conditions in the presently assigned broadcast frequencies of 50S-150G kc. whereas frequencies lying between these attenuated signals are received at times with greater than the normal or average strength. These regions of attenuation and normal or better than average transmission levels shift with the change in fading conditie-ns and may not be offset merely by locating the desired signal components at a definite point in the frequency spectrum. In accordance with this invention the components of a desired signal are confined to a band which is less than the frequency difference between points of maximum attenuation so that only one part of the band can be attenuated at one time by the generally prevailing fading conditions mentioned above.

Accordingly, the primary object of the invention is to substantially eliminate or minimize the effects of fading of transmitted signal components by confining these components to a band width narrower than the frequency difference be tween points where the direct and reflected waves cancel each other.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel receiver for recovering all or an essential part of signals transmitted in a relatively narrow frequency band with respect to points of maximum attenuation by fading.

Another object of the invention is to provide for a novel arrangement of several side frequencies or side-bands in a facsimile signal transmitted by radio.

Other objects of the invention will become apparent when the following specification and claim are read in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 of the drawings is an amplitude vs. frequency curve representing selective fading of radio signals where the reflected wave has the) same intensity as the direct wave;

Fig. 2 shows the spectrum of a signal which is transmitted for reception in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a facsimile 5 receiving system for producing recordings upon reception of the signal of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a signal spectrum produced in accordance with the invention for reception in accordance with the invention by the usual type of facsimile receiver;

Fig. 5 shows the spectrum of a modied signal which is transmitted for reception in accordance with the invention; and

Fig. 6 is a schematic showing of a receiver for producing recordings from the signal of Fig. 5.

Selective fading of radio signals can be represented as a modification of the signal spectrum by an amplitude Vs. frequency curve Il! of Fig. 1. The points or regions I2 of maximum attenuan tion are approximately 2500 cycles apart in. the

United States in the presently assigned broadcast band. This corresponds to a difference in path length between direct and reflected waves 0f about 80 miles. As fading conditions change, the modifying curve, such as the curve I0 of Fig. 1, may shift back and forth over the signal spectrum or change its shape When a facsimile reproducer is synchronized by a transmitted tone, selective fading may attenuate a carrier, leaving the tone side frequencies to beat with each other and thus produce only a second harmonic of the desired tone. When this selective fading changes somewhat, the reproducer may again synchronize but it may be out of frame and remain that way until manually adjusted. Frequency modulation of the tone is not of itself a preventative, for this also may be represented as a carrier and sidebands which may be selectively attenuated. As stated above, it is an important feature of the invention to conne the synchronizing portion of the signal to a band which is less than the fre quency distan-ce between points or regions E2. For example, the sync portion of the signal may be confined to a band less than 1500 cycles wide so that only part of the band can be attenuated at one time.

Fig. 2 of the drawing shows a frequency spectrum which may be transmitted in accordance with the invention where the sync side frequencies I 4 are displaced 400 cycles from the carrier I6. At the receiver a derived 800 cycle tone is used for sync. The image signal components I8 are spaced from the carrier at a frequency dife ference which is greater than 400 cycles.

The receiver of Fig. 3 is arranged to synchro- 3 nize by means (not shown) by an 800 cycle signal, and filters and a frequency doubler are used in the receiver so that if either side-frequency or the carrier fades out, the 800 cycle tone will be received continuously and loss of synchronization will be avoided. The receiver of Fig. 3 is of the superheterodyne type and comprises a first detector 2|, an oscillator 22 and an intermediate frequency amplifier 23. The signal such as represented by Fig. 2 is applied to the antenna 2li. A coupling transformer 25 couples the intermediate frequency amplifier 23 to a detector and audio amplifier stage which includes a diode-triode 26. The primary and secondary of the coupling transformer 25 are tuned by condensers 28 and 2S respectively so as to pass the intermediate frequency band which is amplified by the amplifier 23. The secondary 3| of the transformer 25 is connected to the cathode 33 and the diode anode 32 of the tube 2-'5 in series with a potentiometer resistor 36. This resistor 36 serves as a volume control and the demodulated I. F. signals are applied by way of ccndenser S3 to the grid il@ of the tube 26. The triode portion of the tube 26 therefore will amplify the 400 cycle sync tone and the image signal frequencies lying in the frequency band l of Fig. 2. The triode portion of the tube 26 will amplify both the 400 cycle tone and the second harmonic of the 400 cycle tone, which may be present during selective fading. The plate circuit of this tube includes a filter in the form of resonant circuit il which is tuned to 400 cycles, a resonant circuit l2 tuned to 800 cycles and a resonant circuit l5 tuned to be responsive to frequencies lying within the image signal band i3. :1

The resonant circuit lli is coupled to a resonant circuit 45 while the resonant circuit l2 is coupled to a resonant circuit d3.

The diode rectifier i9 in conjunction with a tuned circuit i serves as a frequency doubler, the output thereo being fed by way of condenser 52 into e, sync amplifier 5d which amplies the recovered SGO cycle sync tone to be applied to synchronize a facsimile recorder 55. A suitable recorder operable in response to a facsimile image signal is shown in TJ. S. reissue Patent No. Re. 20,152 granted to C. J. Young on October 27, 1936. A synchronous motor (not shown) may be controlled by the de ived tone in a well known manner.

The image signal frequencies selected by the resonant circuits and 33 are transmitted to an image signal amplifier JS from which they are fed to the recorder 55. The nductanceil of the tuned circuit serves as the primary of a coupling transformer, the secondary of which is tuned by a condenser The degree of coupling between the coupled tuned circuits causes them to function as a band-pass coupling filter in a well known manner.

In operation of the receiver of Fig. 3, when the signal cendit'ons are normal in the absence of selective fading, the i90 cycle sync tone is amplified b the triode section of the tube 2e. This 400' cycle tone is selected by the parallell resonant circuit lil and is transferred to the coupled resonant circuit i5. The frequency doubler diode le i conjunction with the tuned circuit 5i doubles this frequency and applies it to the sync amplifier 54. This frequency doubling will be caused by the non-linear relation of the current through the diode to the applied voltage. `Other harmonics will, of course, be formed but the selectivity of circuit 5| is sumcient to select out only the secondharmonic. When either of the synchronizing side frequencies fades, a 400 cycle tone is still present produced by the beating of the carrier with the remaining side frequencies. But when the carrier fades an 800 cycle tone is produced by the beating together of the two side frequencies. In this case, the harmonics produced by tube i9 will not be used, but a sufficient amount of the 800 cycle tone will be passed through the tube to circuit 5| and amplifier 54 to keep the recorder in synchronism. Thus loss of carrier or either side-frequency will not cause loss of synchronism.

Fig. 4 of the drawing shows a frequency spectrum which may be transmitted in accordance with the invention for operating a recorder in the usual type of facsimile system which has no provision for avoiding the effects of selective fading and loss of synchronism. The image frequency side-bands 08 are disposed about the carrier 68 in the usual manner. The carrier is modulated simultaneously by 400 cycle and 800 cycle tones producing side-frequencies 55 and lil respectively. This group of frequencies is less than 2500 cycles wide so that only one frequency will fade at a time upon the occurrence of selective fading. if any one of the side frequencies fades, the others will provide the 400 cycle tone for synchronization. if the carrier fades, the side frequencies beat together to give the 400 cycle tone.

Fig. 6 shows a receiver which operates in accordance with the invention when provided with a signal represented in Fig. 5. Referring to Fig. 5, the image side-bands i3 are substantially unchanged. llhe synchronizing tone is carried as an amplitude or frequency modulation of a higher tone.

modulated to produce its own side tone TI. By way cf example, the higher tone may be 500 cycles occupying the position in the spectrum represented at l5 and the side frequency of the carrier l5 may be 60 cycles indicated as side tones 17. If the carrier 'i6 fades the sub-tones ll bea't together to give a double frequency which is rectifled to give the desired synchronizing tone. In the example assumed by way of illustration a cycle tone is produced in this manner. If either sub-tone fades, the other will beat with the carrier to give the sub-tone which is rectified to produce the synchronizing tone.

Referring to Fig. 6 illustrating a receiver for the signal of Fig. 5, an I. F. transformer 8| corresponds to the I. F. transformer 25 of Fig. 3. A detector amplier tube 83 is employed. The incoming I. F. signal is demodulated by lbeing applied between the cathode 8d and the diode anode 85. A volume control potentiometer S3 is connected to supply the dernodulated signal to the grid S9 of the tube 83. The amplified output of the tube 33 is applied across a series of filters in the form of tuned circuits' 9|, 92, and 93. The resonant circuit Si is coupled to an image signalV amplier gli which amplifies signals for a recorder. This recorder (not shown) may be similar to recorder 5S of Fig. 3. The resonant filter circuit 92 is tuned to twice the sub-tone frequency and the resonant circuit 93 is tuned to the sub-tone frequency. In the example given above, the frequency value of the sub-tone is 500 cycles; therefore the filter circuit S2 is tuned to 1,000 cycles and the filter circuit 93' is tuned to 500 cycles. Y

The filter circuit 92 is coupled to a circuit which includes a diode 96 and a tuned filter circuit 98. The latter is tuned to a frequency of the Y For example, the higher tone produces a side frequency lli which is in effect a sub-carrier 5 desired syncrtone which in the foregoing example is 60 cycles. The filter circuit 93 is also coupled to a circuit which includes a diode 99 and iilter circuit IUI, the latter also being tuned to the desired sync tone. Amplier tubes |02 and |03 combine the outputs from the lter circuits 92 and 93 so that they are applied to the input connection of a sync amplifier 196. The latter operates in any .'well known manner to synchronize the accompanying recorder.

Having now described the invention, what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is the following:

A receiving system including synchronizing means for recording intelligence under control of sync signals, comprising a detector of intelligence signals and sync signals, tuned lters connected in series, means for supplying detected signals to said lters, means to utilize the output of one of said filters for recording intelligence, frequency doubling means, and means for supplying the output of a pair of said lters to said doubling means, and means for employing the output of said doubling means to operate said synchronizing means to synchronize the recording means.

WINFIELD R. KOCH.

REFEREN CES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,182,000 Nichols Dec. 5, 1939 2,212,968 Finch Aug. 27, 1940 2,256,529 Seeley Sept. 23, 1941 2,257,282 Smith et a1 Sept. 30, 1941 2,258,943 Bedford Oct. 14, 1941 2,269,594 Mathes Jan. 13, 1942 2,335,180 Goldsmith Nov. 23, 1943 2,386,087 Bingley et a1 Oct. 2, 1945 

